iqr#
- scipy.stats.iqr(x, axis=None, rng=(25, 75), scale=1.0, nan_policy='propagate', interpolation='linear', keepdims=False)[source]#
Compute the interquartile range of the data along the specified axis.
The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of the data. It is a measure of the dispersion similar to standard deviation or variance, but is much more robust against outliers [2].
The
rng
parameter allows this function to compute other percentile ranges than the actual IQR. For example, settingrng=(0, 100)
is equivalent tonumpy.ptp
.The IQR of an empty array is np.nan.
Added in version 0.18.0.
- Parameters:
- xarray_like
Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
- axisint or None, default: None
If an int, the axis of the input along which to compute the statistic. The statistic of each axis-slice (e.g. row) of the input will appear in a corresponding element of the output. If
None
, the input will be raveled before computing the statistic.- rngTwo-element sequence containing floats in range of [0,100] optional
Percentiles over which to compute the range. Each must be between 0 and 100, inclusive. The default is the true IQR:
(25, 75)
. The order of the elements is not important.- scalescalar or str or array_like of reals, optional
The numerical value of scale will be divided out of the final result. The following string value is also recognized:
‘normal’ : Scale by \(2 \sqrt{2} erf^{-1}(\frac{1}{2}) \approx 1.349\).
The default is 1.0. Array-like scale of real dtype is also allowed, as long as it broadcasts correctly to the output such that
out / scale
is a valid operation. The output dimensions depend on the input array, x, the axis argument, and the keepdims flag.- nan_policy{‘propagate’, ‘omit’, ‘raise’}
Defines how to handle input NaNs.
propagate
: if a NaN is present in the axis slice (e.g. row) along which the statistic is computed, the corresponding entry of the output will be NaN.omit
: NaNs will be omitted when performing the calculation. If insufficient data remains in the axis slice along which the statistic is computed, the corresponding entry of the output will be NaN.raise
: if a NaN is present, aValueError
will be raised.
- interpolationstr, optional
Specifies the interpolation method to use when the percentile boundaries lie between two data points
i
andj
. The following options are available (default is ‘linear’):‘linear’:
i + (j - i)*fraction
, wherefraction
is the fractional part of the index surrounded byi
andj
.‘lower’:
i
.‘higher’:
j
.‘nearest’:
i
orj
whichever is nearest.‘midpoint’:
(i + j)/2
.
For NumPy >= 1.22.0, the additional options provided by the
method
keyword ofnumpy.percentile
are also valid.- keepdimsbool, default: False
If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.
- Returns:
- iqrscalar or ndarray
If
axis=None
, a scalar is returned. If the input contains integers or floats of smaller precision thannp.float64
, then the output data-type isnp.float64
. Otherwise, the output data-type is the same as that of the input.
Notes
Beginning in SciPy 1.9,
np.matrix
inputs (not recommended for new code) are converted tonp.ndarray
before the calculation is performed. In this case, the output will be a scalar ornp.ndarray
of appropriate shape rather than a 2Dnp.matrix
. Similarly, while masked elements of masked arrays are ignored, the output will be a scalar ornp.ndarray
rather than a masked array withmask=False
.References
[1]“Interquartile range” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range
[2]“Robust measures of scale” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robust_measures_of_scale
[3]“Quantile” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile
Examples
>>> import numpy as np >>> from scipy.stats import iqr >>> x = np.array([[10, 7, 4], [3, 2, 1]]) >>> x array([[10, 7, 4], [ 3, 2, 1]]) >>> iqr(x) 4.0 >>> iqr(x, axis=0) array([ 3.5, 2.5, 1.5]) >>> iqr(x, axis=1) array([ 3., 1.]) >>> iqr(x, axis=1, keepdims=True) array([[ 3.], [ 1.]])