scipy.special.y1p_zeros

scipy.special.y1p_zeros(nt, complex=False)

Compute nt zeros of Bessel derivative Y1’(z), and value at each zero.

The values are given by Y1(z1) at each z1 where Y1’(z1)=0.

Parameters:

ntint

Number of zeros to return

complexbool, default False

Set to False to return only the real zeros; set to True to return only the complex zeros with negative real part and positive imaginary part. Note that the complex conjugates of the latter are also zeros of the function, but are not returned by this routine.

Returns:

z1pnndarray

Location of nth zero of Y1’(z)

y1z1pnndarray

Value of derivative Y1(z1) for nth zero

References

[1]

Zhang, Shanjie and Jin, Jianming. “Computation of Special Functions”, John Wiley and Sons, 1996, chapter 5. https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/f77_src/special_functions/special_functions.html

Examples

Compute the first four roots of \(Y_1'\) and the values of \(Y_1\) at these roots.

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from scipy.special import y1p_zeros
>>> y1grad_roots, y1_values = y1p_zeros(4)
>>> with np.printoptions(precision=5):
...     print(f"Y1' Roots: {y1grad_roots}")
...     print(f"Y1 values: {y1_values}")
Y1' Roots: [ 3.68302+0.j  6.9415 +0.j 10.1234 +0.j 13.28576+0.j]
Y1 values: [ 0.41673+0.j -0.30317+0.j  0.25091+0.j -0.21897+0.j]

y1p_zeros can be used to calculate the extremal points of \(Y_1\) directly. Here we plot \(Y_1\) and the first four extrema.

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> from scipy.special import y1, yvp
>>> y1_roots, y1_values_at_roots = y1p_zeros(4)
>>> real_roots = y1_roots.real
>>> xmax = 15
>>> x = np.linspace(0, xmax, 500)
>>> x[0] += 1e-15
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> ax.plot(x, y1(x), label=r'$Y_1$')
>>> ax.plot(x, yvp(1, x, 1), label=r"$Y_1'$")
>>> ax.scatter(real_roots, np.zeros((4, )), s=30, c='r',
...            label=r"Roots of $Y_1'$", zorder=5)
>>> ax.scatter(real_roots, y1_values_at_roots.real, s=30, c='k',
...            label=r"Extrema of $Y_1$", zorder=5)
>>> ax.hlines(0, 0, xmax, color='k')
>>> ax.set_ylim(-0.5, 0.5)
>>> ax.set_xlim(0, xmax)
>>> ax.legend(ncol=2, bbox_to_anchor=(1., 0.75))
>>> plt.tight_layout()
>>> plt.show()