# scipy.signal.upfirdn¶

scipy.signal.upfirdn(h, x, up=1, down=1, axis=- 1, mode='constant', cval=0)[source]

Upsample, FIR filter, and downsample.

Parameters
harray_like

1-D FIR (finite-impulse response) filter coefficients.

xarray_like

Input signal array.

upint, optional

Upsampling rate. Default is 1.

downint, optional

Downsampling rate. Default is 1.

axisint, optional

The axis of the input data array along which to apply the linear filter. The filter is applied to each subarray along this axis. Default is -1.

modestr, optional

The signal extension mode to use. The set {"constant", "symmetric", "reflect", "edge", "wrap"} correspond to modes provided by numpy.pad. "smooth" implements a smooth extension by extending based on the slope of the last 2 points at each end of the array. "antireflect" and "antisymmetric" are anti-symmetric versions of "reflect" and "symmetric". The mode “line” extends the signal based on a linear trend defined by the first and last points along the axis.

New in version 1.4.0.

cvalfloat, optional

The constant value to use when mode == "constant".

New in version 1.4.0.

Returns
yndarray

The output signal array. Dimensions will be the same as x except for along axis, which will change size according to the h, up, and down parameters.

Notes

The algorithm is an implementation of the block diagram shown on page 129 of the Vaidyanathan text [1] (Figure 4.3-8d).

The direct approach of upsampling by factor of P with zero insertion, FIR filtering of length N, and downsampling by factor of Q is O(N*Q) per output sample. The polyphase implementation used here is O(N/P).

New in version 0.18.

References

1

P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, 1993.

Examples

Simple operations:

>>> from scipy.signal import upfirdn
>>> upfirdn([1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1])   # FIR filter
array([ 1.,  2.,  3.,  2.,  1.])
>>> upfirdn([1], [1, 2, 3], 3)  # upsampling with zeros insertion
array([ 1.,  0.,  0.,  2.,  0.,  0.,  3.,  0.,  0.])
>>> upfirdn([1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 3], 3)  # upsampling with sample-and-hold
array([ 1.,  1.,  1.,  2.,  2.,  2.,  3.,  3.,  3.])
>>> upfirdn([.5, 1, .5], [1, 1, 1], 2)  # linear interpolation
array([ 0.5,  1. ,  1. ,  1. ,  1. ,  1. ,  0.5,  0. ])
>>> upfirdn([1], np.arange(10), 1, 3)  # decimation by 3
array([ 0.,  3.,  6.,  9.])
>>> upfirdn([.5, 1, .5], np.arange(10), 2, 3)  # linear interp, rate 2/3
array([ 0. ,  1. ,  2.5,  4. ,  5.5,  7. ,  8.5,  0. ])


Apply a single filter to multiple signals:

>>> x = np.reshape(np.arange(8), (4, 2))
>>> x
array([[0, 1],
[2, 3],
[4, 5],
[6, 7]])


Apply along the last dimension of x:

>>> h = [1, 1]
>>> upfirdn(h, x, 2)
array([[ 0.,  0.,  1.,  1.],
[ 2.,  2.,  3.,  3.],
[ 4.,  4.,  5.,  5.],
[ 6.,  6.,  7.,  7.]])


Apply along the 0th dimension of x:

>>> upfirdn(h, x, 2, axis=0)
array([[ 0.,  1.],
[ 0.,  1.],
[ 2.,  3.],
[ 2.,  3.],
[ 4.,  5.],
[ 4.,  5.],
[ 6.,  7.],
[ 6.,  7.]])


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