# scipy.optimize.fmin_powell¶

scipy.optimize.fmin_powell(func, x0, args=(), xtol=0.0001, ftol=0.0001, maxiter=None, maxfun=None, full_output=0, disp=1, retall=0, callback=None, direc=None)[source]

Minimize a function using modified Powell’s method.

This method only uses function values, not derivatives.

Parameters
funccallable f(x,*args)

Objective function to be minimized.

x0ndarray

Initial guess.

argstuple, optional

Extra arguments passed to func.

xtolfloat, optional

Line-search error tolerance.

ftolfloat, optional

Relative error in func(xopt) acceptable for convergence.

maxiterint, optional

Maximum number of iterations to perform.

maxfunint, optional

Maximum number of function evaluations to make.

full_outputbool, optional

If True, fopt, xi, direc, iter, funcalls, and warnflag are returned.

dispbool, optional

If True, print convergence messages.

retallbool, optional

If True, return a list of the solution at each iteration.

callbackcallable, optional

An optional user-supplied function, called after each iteration. Called as callback(xk), where xk is the current parameter vector.

direcndarray, optional

Initial fitting step and parameter order set as an (N, N) array, where N is the number of fitting parameters in x0. Defaults to step size 1.0 fitting all parameters simultaneously (np.ones((N, N))). To prevent initial consideration of values in a step or to change initial step size, set to 0 or desired step size in the Jth position in the Mth block, where J is the position in x0 and M is the desired evaluation step, with steps being evaluated in index order. Step size and ordering will change freely as minimization proceeds.

Returns
xoptndarray

Parameter which minimizes func.

foptnumber

Value of function at minimum: fopt = func(xopt).

direcndarray

Current direction set.

iterint

Number of iterations.

funcallsint

warnflagint
Integer warning flag:

1 : Maximum number of function evaluations. 2 : Maximum number of iterations. 3 : NaN result encountered.

allvecslist

List of solutions at each iteration.

minimize

Interface to unconstrained minimization algorithms for multivariate functions. See the ‘Powell’ method in particular.

Notes

Uses a modification of Powell’s method to find the minimum of a function of N variables. Powell’s method is a conjugate direction method.

The algorithm has two loops. The outer loop merely iterates over the inner loop. The inner loop minimizes over each current direction in the direction set. At the end of the inner loop, if certain conditions are met, the direction that gave the largest decrease is dropped and replaced with the difference between the current estimated x and the estimated x from the beginning of the inner-loop.

The technical conditions for replacing the direction of greatest increase amount to checking that

1. No further gain can be made along the direction of greatest increase from that iteration.

2. The direction of greatest increase accounted for a large sufficient fraction of the decrease in the function value from that iteration of the inner loop.

References

Powell M.J.D. (1964) An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several variables without calculating derivatives, Computer Journal, 7 (2):155-162.

Press W., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., and Flannery B.P.: Numerical Recipes (any edition), Cambridge University Press

Examples

>>> def f(x):
...     return x**2

>>> from scipy import optimize

>>> minimum = optimize.fmin_powell(f, -1)
Optimization terminated successfully.
Current function value: 0.000000
Iterations: 2
Function evaluations: 18
>>> minimum
array(0.0)


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