SciPy

scipy.linalg.eig

scipy.linalg.eig(a, b=None, left=False, right=True, overwrite_a=False, overwrite_b=False, check_finite=True, homogeneous_eigvals=False)[source]

Solve an ordinary or generalized eigenvalue problem of a square matrix.

Find eigenvalues w and right or left eigenvectors of a general matrix:

a   vr[:,i] = w[i]        b   vr[:,i]
a.H vl[:,i] = w[i].conj() b.H vl[:,i]

where .H is the Hermitian conjugation.

Parameters
a(M, M) array_like

A complex or real matrix whose eigenvalues and eigenvectors will be computed.

b(M, M) array_like, optional

Right-hand side matrix in a generalized eigenvalue problem. Default is None, identity matrix is assumed.

leftbool, optional

Whether to calculate and return left eigenvectors. Default is False.

rightbool, optional

Whether to calculate and return right eigenvectors. Default is True.

overwrite_abool, optional

Whether to overwrite a; may improve performance. Default is False.

overwrite_bbool, optional

Whether to overwrite b; may improve performance. Default is False.

check_finitebool, optional

Whether to check that the input matrices contain only finite numbers. Disabling may give a performance gain, but may result in problems (crashes, non-termination) if the inputs do contain infinities or NaNs.

homogeneous_eigvalsbool, optional

If True, return the eigenvalues in homogeneous coordinates. In this case w is a (2, M) array so that:

w[1,i] a vr[:,i] = w[0,i] b vr[:,i]

Default is False.

Returns
w(M,) or (2, M) double or complex ndarray

The eigenvalues, each repeated according to its multiplicity. The shape is (M,) unless homogeneous_eigvals=True.

vl(M, M) double or complex ndarray

The normalized left eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue w[i] is the column vl[:,i]. Only returned if left=True.

vr(M, M) double or complex ndarray

The normalized right eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue w[i] is the column vr[:,i]. Only returned if right=True.

Raises
LinAlgError

If eigenvalue computation does not converge.

See also

eigvals

eigenvalues of general arrays

eigh

Eigenvalues and right eigenvectors for symmetric/Hermitian arrays.

eig_banded

eigenvalues and right eigenvectors for symmetric/Hermitian band matrices

eigh_tridiagonal

eigenvalues and right eiegenvectors for symmetric/Hermitian tridiagonal matrices

Examples

>>> from scipy import linalg
>>> a = np.array([[0., -1.], [1., 0.]])
>>> linalg.eigvals(a)
array([0.+1.j, 0.-1.j])
>>> b = np.array([[0., 1.], [1., 1.]])
>>> linalg.eigvals(a, b)
array([ 1.+0.j, -1.+0.j])
>>> a = np.array([[3., 0., 0.], [0., 8., 0.], [0., 0., 7.]])
>>> linalg.eigvals(a, homogeneous_eigvals=True)
array([[3.+0.j, 8.+0.j, 7.+0.j],
       [1.+0.j, 1.+0.j, 1.+0.j]])
>>> a = np.array([[0., -1.], [1., 0.]])
>>> linalg.eigvals(a) == linalg.eig(a)[0]
array([ True,  True])
>>> linalg.eig(a, left=True, right=False)[1] # normalized left eigenvector
array([[-0.70710678+0.j        , -0.70710678-0.j        ],
       [-0.        +0.70710678j, -0.        -0.70710678j]])
>>> linalg.eig(a, left=False, right=True)[1] # normalized right eigenvector
array([[0.70710678+0.j        , 0.70710678-0.j        ],
       [0.        -0.70710678j, 0.        +0.70710678j]])

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