Constants (scipy.constants)¶
Physical and mathematical constants and units.
Mathematical constants¶
|
Pi |
|
Golden ratio |
|
Golden ratio |
Physical constants¶
|
speed of light in vacuum |
|
speed of light in vacuum |
|
the magnetic constant \(\mu_0\) |
|
the electric constant (vacuum permittivity), \(\epsilon_0\) |
|
the Planck constant \(h\) |
|
the Planck constant \(h\) |
|
\(\hbar = h/(2\pi)\) |
|
Newtonian constant of gravitation |
|
Newtonian constant of gravitation |
|
standard acceleration of gravity |
|
elementary charge |
|
elementary charge |
|
molar gas constant |
|
molar gas constant |
|
fine-structure constant |
|
fine-structure constant |
|
Avogadro constant |
|
Avogadro constant |
|
Boltzmann constant |
|
Boltzmann constant |
|
Stefan-Boltzmann constant \(\sigma\) |
|
Stefan-Boltzmann constant \(\sigma\) |
|
Wien displacement law constant |
|
Rydberg constant |
|
electron mass |
|
electron mass |
|
proton mass |
|
proton mass |
|
neutron mass |
|
neutron mass |
Constants database¶
In addition to the above variables, scipy.constants also contains the
2014 CODATA recommended values [CODATA2014] database containing more physical
constants.
|
Value in physical_constants indexed by key |
|
Unit in physical_constants indexed by key |
|
Relative precision in physical_constants indexed by key |
|
Return list of physical_constant keys containing a given string. |
Accessing a constant no longer in current CODATA data set |
-
scipy.constants.physical_constants¶ Dictionary of physical constants, of the format
physical_constants[name] = (value, unit, uncertainty).
Available constants:
|
6.64465723e-27 kg |
|
5.971920097e-10 J |
|
3727.379378 MeV |
|
4.001506179127 u |
|
0.004001506179127 kg mol^-1 |
|
7294.29954136 |
|
3.97259968907 |
|
1.00001495e-10 m |
|
1.66053904e-27 kg |
|
1.492418062e-10 J |
|
931.4940954 MeV |
|
931494095.4 eV |
|
34231776.902 E_h |
|
2.2523427206e+23 Hz |
|
751300661660000.0 m^-1 |
|
1.492418062e-10 J |
|
10809543800000.0 K |
|
1.66053904e-27 kg |
|
3.206361329e-53 C^3 m^3 J^-2 |
|
6.235380085e-65 C^4 m^4 J^-3 |
|
1.0545718e-34 J s |
|
1.6021766208e-19 C |
|
1081202377000.0 C m^-3 |
|
0.006623618183 A |
|
8.478353552e-30 C m |
|
514220670700.0 V m^-1 |
|
9.717362356e+21 V m^-2 |
|
1.6487772731e-41 C^2 m^2 J^-1 |
|
27.21138602 V |
|
4.486551484e-40 C m^2 |
|
4.35974465e-18 J |
|
8.23872336e-08 N |
|
5.2917721067e-11 m |
|
1.854801999e-23 J T^-1 |
|
235051.755 T |
|
7.8910365886e-29 J T^-2 |
|
9.10938356e-31 kg |
|
1.992851882e-24 kg m s^-1 |
|
1.1126500560536183e-10 F m^-1 |
|
2.418884326509e-17 s |
|
2187691.26277 m s^-1 |
|
6.022140857e+23 mol^-1 |
|
9.274009994e-24 J T^-1 |
|
5.7883818012e-05 eV T^-1 |
|
13996245042.0 Hz T^-1 |
|
46.68644814 m^-1 T^-1 |
|
0.67171405 K T^-1 |
|
5.2917721067e-11 m |
|
1.38064852e-23 J K^-1 |
|
8.6173303e-05 eV K^-1 |
|
20836612000.0 Hz K^-1 |
|
69.503457 m^-1 K^-1 |
|
376.73031346177066 ohm |
|
2.8179403227e-15 m |
|
2.4263102367e-12 m |
|
3.8615926764e-13 m |
|
7.748091731e-05 S |
|
483597900000000.0 Hz V^-1 |
|
25812.807 ohm |
|
1.00207697e-13 m |
|
0.8574382311 |
|
4.33073504e-27 J T^-1 |
|
0.0004669754554 |
|
0.8574382311 |
|
3.343583719e-27 kg |
|
3.005063183e-10 J |
|
1875.612928 MeV |
|
2.013553212745 u |
|
0.002013553212745 kg mol^-1 |
|
2.1413e-15 m |
|
-0.0004664345535 |
|
3670.48296785 |
|
-0.44820652 |
|
0.3070122077 |
|
1.99900750087 |
|
8.854187817620389e-12 F m^-1 |
|
-175882002400.0 C kg^-1 |
|
-2.00231930436182 |
|
176085964400.0 s^-1 T^-1 |
|
28024.95164 MHz T^-1 |
|
-9.28476462e-24 J T^-1 |
|
0.00115965218091 |
|
-1.00115965218091 |
|
-1838.28197234 |
|
9.10938356e-31 kg |
|
8.18710565e-14 J |
|
0.5109989461 MeV |
|
0.00054857990907 u |
|
5.4857990907e-07 kg mol^-1 |
|
0.0001370933554798 |
|
864.058257 |
|
-658.2275971 |
|
1.6021766208e-19 J |
|
1.0735441105e-09 u |
|
0.03674932248 E_h |
|
241798926200000.0 Hz |
|
806554.4005 m^-1 |
|
1.6021766208e-19 J |
|
11604.5221 K |
|
1.782661907e-36 kg |
|
-2143.923499 |
|
0.0002724437107484 |
|
0.0001819543074854 |
|
206.766988 |
|
0.0048363317 |
|
960.9205 |
|
0.00054386734428 |
|
-658.2106866 |
|
0.000544617021352 |
|
0.000287592 |
|
0.0001819200062203 |
|
1.6021766208e-19 C |
|
241798926200000.0 A J^-1 |
|
96485.33289 C mol^-1 |
|
96485.3251 C_90 mol^-1 |
|
1.1663787e-05 GeV^-2 |
|
0.0072973525664 |
|
3.74177179e-16 W m^2 |
|
1.191042953e-16 W m^2 sr^-1 |
|
4.35974465e-18 J |
|
27.21138602 eV |
|
2.9212623197e-08 u |
|
27.21138602 eV |
|
6579683920711000.0 Hz |
|
21947463.13702 m^-1 |
|
4.35974465e-18 J |
|
315775.13 K |
|
4.850870129e-35 kg |
|
-4.255250616 |
|
-1.074617522e-26 J T^-1 |
|
-0.001158740958 |
|
-2.127625308 |
|
5.0064127e-27 kg |
|
4.499539341e-10 J |
|
2808.391586 MeV |
|
3.01493224673 u |
|
0.00301493224673 kg mol^-1 |
|
5495.88527922 |
|
2.99315267046 |
|
4.4398216616e-24 u |
|
4.135667662e-15 eV |
|
1.5198298460088e-16 E_h |
|
3.3356409519815204e-09 m^-1 |
|
6.62607004e-34 J |
|
4.7992447e-11 K |
|
7.372497201e-51 kg |
|
137.035999139 |
|
1.331025049e-15 u |
|
1.2398419739e-06 eV |
|
4.556335252767e-08 E_h |
|
299792458.0 Hz |
|
1.986445824e-25 J |
|
0.0143877736 K |
|
2.210219057e-42 kg |
|
12906.4037278 ohm |
|
483597852500000.0 Hz V^-1 |
|
6700535363.0 u |
|
6.241509126e+18 eV |
|
2.293712317e+17 E_h |
|
1.509190205e+33 Hz |
|
5.034116651e+24 m^-1 |
|
7.2429731e+22 K |
|
1.1126500560536185e-17 kg |
|
9.2510842e-14 u |
|
8.6173303e-05 eV |
|
3.1668105e-06 E_h |
|
20836612000.0 Hz |
|
69.503457 m^-1 |
|
1.38064852e-23 J |
|
1.53617865e-40 kg |
|
6.022140857e+26 u |
|
5.60958865e+35 eV |
|
2.061485823e+34 E_h |
|
1.356392512e+50 Hz |
|
4.524438411e+41 m^-1 |
|
8.987551787368176e+16 J |
|
6.5096595e+39 K |
|
5.431020504e-10 m |
|
2.6516467e+25 m^-3 |
|
2.6867811e+25 m^-3 |
|
1.2566370614359173e-06 N A^-2 |
|
2.067833831e-15 Wb |
|
1.00209952e-13 m |
|
8.3144598 J mol^-1 K^-1 |
|
0.001 kg mol^-1 |
|
0.012 kg mol^-1 |
|
3.990312711e-10 J s mol^-1 |
|
0.119626565582 J m mol^-1 |
|
0.022710947 m^3 mol^-1 |
|
0.022413962 m^3 mol^-1 |
|
1.205883214e-05 m^3 mol^-1 |
|
1.173444111e-14 m |
|
1.867594308e-15 m |
|
-2.0023318418 |
|
-4.49044826e-26 J T^-1 |
|
0.00116592089 |
|
-0.00484197048 |
|
-8.89059705 |
|
1.883531594e-28 kg |
|
1.692833774e-11 J |
|
105.6583745 MeV |
|
0.1134289257 u |
|
0.0001134289257 kg mol^-1 |
|
206.7682826 |
|
0.1124545167 |
|
-3.183345142 |
|
0.1126095262 |
|
0.0594649 |
|
1.0545718e-34 J s |
|
6.582119514e-16 eV s |
|
8.18710565e-14 J |
|
0.5109989461 MeV |
|
3.8615926764e-13 m |
|
9.10938356e-31 kg |
|
2.730924488e-22 kg m s^-1 |
|
0.5109989461 MeV/c |
|
1.28808866712e-21 s |
|
299792458.0 m s^-1 |
|
1.31959090481e-15 m |
|
2.1001941536e-16 m |
|
-3.82608545 |
|
183247172.0 s^-1 T^-1 |
|
29.1646933 MHz T^-1 |
|
-9.662365e-27 J T^-1 |
|
-0.00104187563 |
|
-1.91304273 |
|
1.674927471e-27 kg |
|
1.505349739e-10 J |
|
939.5654133 MeV |
|
1.00866491588 u |
|
0.00100866491588 kg mol^-1 |
|
-0.68499694 |
|
0.00104066882 |
|
1838.68366158 |
|
8.89248408 |
|
-0.68497934 |
|
2.30557377e-30 |
|
2.07214637e-13 |
|
1.29333205 |
|
0.001388449 |
|
1.00137841898 |
|
0.52879 |
|
6.67408e-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2 |
|
6.70861e-39 (GeV/c^2)^-2 |
|
5.050783699e-27 J T^-1 |
|
3.152451255e-08 eV T^-1 |
|
0.02542623432 m^-1 T^-1 |
|
0.0003658269 K T^-1 |
|
7.622593285 MHz T^-1 |
|
6.62607004e-34 J s |
|
4.135667662e-15 eV s |
|
1.0545718e-34 J s |
|
6.582119514e-16 eV s |
|
197.3269788 MeV fm |
|
1.616229e-35 m |
|
2.17647e-08 kg |
|
1.22091e+19 GeV |
|
1.416808e+32 K |
|
5.39116e-44 s |
|
95788332.26 C kg^-1 |
|
1.32140985396e-15 m |
|
2.10308910109e-16 m |
|
5.585694702 |
|
267522190.0 s^-1 T^-1 |
|
42.57747892 MHz T^-1 |
|
1.4106067873e-26 J T^-1 |
|
0.0015210322053 |
|
2.7928473508 |
|
2.5691e-05 |
|
1.672621898e-27 kg |
|
1.503277593e-10 J |
|
938.2720813 MeV |
|
1.007276466879 u |
|
0.001007276466879 kg mol^-1 |
|
8.751e-16 m |
|
1836.15267389 |
|
8.88024338 |
|
-1.45989805 |
|
0.99862347844 |
|
0.528063 |
|
0.00036369475486 m^2 s^-1 |
|
0.00072738950972 m^2 s^-1 |
|
10973731.568508 m^-1 |
|
3289841960355000.0 Hz |
|
13.605693009 eV |
|
2.179872325e-18 J |
|
-1.1517084 |
|
-1.1648714 |
|
0.0143877736 m K |
|
203789458.5 s^-1 T^-1 |
|
32.43409966 MHz T^-1 |
|
-1.07455308e-26 J T^-1 |
|
-0.001158671471 |
|
-2.12749772 |
|
-0.7617665603 |
|
-0.7617861313 |
|
267515317.1 s^-1 T^-1 |
|
42.57638507 MHz T^-1 |
|
1.410570547e-26 J T^-1 |
|
0.001520993128 |
|
2.7927756 |
|
299792458.0 m s^-1 |
|
9.80665 m s^-2 |
|
101325.0 Pa |
|
100000.0 Pa |
|
5.670367e-08 W m^-2 K^-4 |
|
6.97787e-16 m |
|
1.11056e-16 m |
|
3.16747e-27 kg |
|
2.84678e-10 J |
|
1776.82 MeV |
|
1.90749 u |
|
0.00190749 kg mol^-1 |
|
3477.15 |
|
16.8167 |
|
1.89111 |
|
1.89372 |
|
6.6524587158e-29 m^2 |
|
5.95792492 |
|
1.504609503e-26 J T^-1 |
|
0.0016223936616 |
|
2.97896246 |
|
5.007356665e-27 kg |
|
4.500387735e-10 J |
|
2808.921112 MeV |
|
3.01550071632 u |
|
0.00301550071632 kg mol^-1 |
|
5496.92153588 |
|
2.99371703348 |
|
1.66053904e-27 kg |
|
25812.8074555 ohm |
|
0.2223 |
|
58789238000.0 Hz K^-1 |
|
0.0028977729 m K |
|
1.920155714e-10 m |
Units¶
SI prefixes¶
|
\(10^{24}\) |
|
\(10^{21}\) |
|
\(10^{18}\) |
|
\(10^{15}\) |
|
\(10^{12}\) |
|
\(10^{9}\) |
|
\(10^{6}\) |
|
\(10^{3}\) |
|
\(10^{2}\) |
|
\(10^{1}\) |
|
\(10^{-1}\) |
|
\(10^{-2}\) |
|
\(10^{-3}\) |
|
\(10^{-6}\) |
|
\(10^{-9}\) |
|
\(10^{-12}\) |
|
\(10^{-15}\) |
|
\(10^{-18}\) |
|
\(10^{-21}\) |
Binary prefixes¶
|
\(2^{10}\) |
|
\(2^{20}\) |
|
\(2^{30}\) |
|
\(2^{40}\) |
|
\(2^{50}\) |
|
\(2^{60}\) |
|
\(2^{70}\) |
|
\(2^{80}\) |
Mass¶
|
\(10^{-3}\) kg |
|
\(10^{3}\) kg |
|
one grain in kg |
|
one pound (avoirdupous) in kg |
|
one pound (avoirdupous) in kg |
|
one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0) |
|
one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0) |
|
one slug in kg (added in 1.0.0) |
|
one ounce in kg |
|
one ounce in kg |
|
one stone in kg |
|
one grain in kg |
|
one long ton in kg |
|
one short ton in kg |
|
one Troy ounce in kg |
|
one Troy pound in kg |
|
one carat in kg |
|
atomic mass constant (in kg) |
|
atomic mass constant (in kg) |
|
atomic mass constant (in kg) |
Angle¶
|
degree in radians |
|
arc minute in radians |
|
arc minute in radians |
|
arc second in radians |
|
arc second in radians |
Time¶
|
one minute in seconds |
|
one hour in seconds |
|
one day in seconds |
|
one week in seconds |
|
one year (365 days) in seconds |
|
one Julian year (365.25 days) in seconds |
Length¶
|
one inch in meters |
|
one foot in meters |
|
one yard in meters |
|
one mile in meters |
|
one mil in meters |
|
one point in meters |
|
one point in meters |
|
one survey foot in meters |
|
one survey mile in meters |
|
one nautical mile in meters |
|
one Fermi in meters |
|
one Angstrom in meters |
|
one micron in meters |
|
one astronomical unit in meters |
|
one astronomical unit in meters |
|
one light year in meters |
|
one parsec in meters |
Pressure¶
|
standard atmosphere in pascals |
|
standard atmosphere in pascals |
|
one bar in pascals |
|
one torr (mmHg) in pascals |
|
one torr (mmHg) in pascals |
|
one psi in pascals |
Area¶
|
one hectare in square meters |
|
one acre in square meters |
Volume¶
|
one liter in cubic meters |
|
one liter in cubic meters |
|
one gallon (US) in cubic meters |
|
one gallon (US) in cubic meters |
|
one gallon (UK) in cubic meters |
|
one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters |
|
one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters |
|
one fluid ounce (UK) in cubic meters |
|
one barrel in cubic meters |
|
one barrel in cubic meters |
Speed¶
|
kilometers per hour in meters per second |
|
miles per hour in meters per second |
|
one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second |
|
one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second |
|
one knot in meters per second |
Temperature¶
|
zero of Celsius scale in Kelvin |
|
one Fahrenheit (only differences) in Kelvins |
|
Convert from a temperature scale to another one among Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit and Rankine scales. |
Energy¶
|
one electron volt in Joules |
|
one electron volt in Joules |
|
one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules |
|
one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules |
|
one calorie (International Steam Table calorie, 1956) in Joules |
|
one erg in Joules |
|
one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules |
|
one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules |
|
one British thermal unit (thermochemical) in Joules |
|
one ton of TNT in Joules |
Power¶
|
one horsepower in watts |
|
one horsepower in watts |
Force¶
|
one dyne in newtons |
|
one dyne in newtons |
|
one pound force in newtons |
|
one pound force in newtons |
|
one kilogram force in newtons |
|
one kilogram force in newtons |
References¶
- CODATA2014
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants 2014.