Studentized Range Distribution

This distribution has two shape parameters, $k>1$ and $\nu>0$, and the support is $x \geq 0$.

$$\begin{eqnarray*} f(x; k, \nu) = \frac{k(k-1)\nu^{\nu/2}}{\Gamma(\nu/2)2^{\nu/2-1}} \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} s^{\nu} e^{-\nu s^2/2} \phi(z) \phi(sx + z) [\Phi(sx + z) - \Phi(z)]^{k-2} \,dz \,ds \end{eqnarray*}$$

$$\begin{eqnarray*} F(q; k, \nu) = \frac{k\nu^{\nu/2}}{\Gamma(\nu/2)2^{\nu/2-1}} \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} s^{\nu-1} e^{-\nu s^2/2} \phi(z) [\Phi(sq + z) - \Phi(z)]^{k-1} \,dz \,ds \end{eqnarray*}$$

Note: $\phi(z)$ and $\Phi(z)$ represent the normal PDF and normal CDF, respectively.

When $\nu$ exceeds 100,000, the asymptotic approximation of $F(x; k, \nu=\infty)$ or $f(x; k, \nu=\infty)$ is used:

$$\begin{eqnarray*} F(x; k, \nu=\infty) = k \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \phi(z) [\Phi(x + z) - \Phi(z)]^{k-1} \,dz \end{eqnarray*}$$

$$\begin{eqnarray*} f(x; k, \nu=\infty) = k(k-1) \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \phi(z)\phi(x + z) [\Phi(x + z) - \Phi(z)]^{k-2} \,dz \end{eqnarray*}$$

Implementation: scipy.stats.studentized_range