SciPy

SciPy 0.11.0 Release Notes

SciPy 0.11.0 is the culmination of 8 months of hard work. It contains many new features, numerous bug-fixes, improved test coverage and better documentation. Highlights of this release are:

  • A new module has been added which provides a number of common sparse graph algorithms.
  • New unified interfaces to the existing optimization and root finding functions have been added.

All users are encouraged to upgrade to this release, as there are a large number of bug-fixes and optimizations. Our development attention will now shift to bug-fix releases on the 0.11.x branch, and on adding new features on the master branch.

This release requires Python 2.4-2.7 or 3.1-3.2 and NumPy 1.5.1 or greater.

New features

Sparse Graph Submodule

The new submodule scipy.sparse.csgraph implements a number of efficient graph algorithms for graphs stored as sparse adjacency matrices. Available routines are:

  • connected_components - determine connected components of a graph
  • laplacian - compute the laplacian of a graph
  • shortest_path - compute the shortest path between points on a positive graph
  • dijkstra - use Dijkstra’s algorithm for shortest path
  • floyd_warshall - use the Floyd-Warshall algorithm for shortest path
  • breadth_first_order - compute a breadth-first order of nodes
  • depth_first_order - compute a depth-first order of nodes
  • breadth_first_tree - construct the breadth-first tree from a given node
  • depth_first_tree - construct a depth-first tree from a given node
  • minimum_spanning_tree - construct the minimum spanning tree of a graph

scipy.optimize improvements

The optimize module has received a lot of attention this release. In addition to added tests, documentation improvements, bug fixes and code clean-up, the following improvements were made:

  • A unified interface to minimizers of univariate and multivariate functions has been added.
  • A unified interface to root finding algorithms for multivariate functions has been added.
  • The L-BFGS-B algorithm has been updated to version 3.0.

Unified interfaces to minimizers

Two new functions scipy.optimize.minimize and scipy.optimize.minimize_scalar were added to provide a common interface to minimizers of multivariate and univariate functions respectively. For multivariate functions, scipy.optimize.minimize provides an interface to methods for unconstrained optimization (fmin, fmin_powell, fmin_cg, fmin_ncg, fmin_bfgs and anneal) or constrained optimization (fmin_l_bfgs_b, fmin_tnc, fmin_cobyla and fmin_slsqp). For univariate functions, scipy.optimize.minimize_scalar provides an interface to methods for unconstrained and bounded optimization (brent, golden, fminbound). This allows for easier comparing and switching between solvers.

Unified interface to root finding algorithms

The new function scipy.optimize.root provides a common interface to root finding algorithms for multivariate functions, embedding fsolve, leastsq and nonlin solvers.

scipy.linalg improvements

New matrix equation solvers

Solvers for the Sylvester equation (scipy.linalg.solve_sylvester, discrete and continuous Lyapunov equations (scipy.linalg.solve_lyapunov, scipy.linalg.solve_discrete_lyapunov) and discrete and continuous algebraic Riccati equations (scipy.linalg.solve_continuous_are, scipy.linalg.solve_discrete_are) have been added to scipy.linalg. These solvers are often used in the field of linear control theory.

QZ and QR Decomposition

It is now possible to calculate the QZ, or Generalized Schur, decomposition using scipy.linalg.qz. This function wraps the LAPACK routines sgges, dgges, cgges, and zgges.

The function scipy.linalg.qr_multiply, which allows efficient computation of the matrix product of Q (from a QR decomposition) and a vector, has been added.

Pascal matrices

A function for creating Pascal matrices, scipy.linalg.pascal, was added.

Sparse matrix construction and operations

Two new functions, scipy.sparse.diags and scipy.sparse.block_diag, were added to easily construct diagonal and block-diagonal sparse matrices respectively.

scipy.sparse.csc_matrix and csr_matrix now support the operations sin, tan, arcsin, arctan, sinh, tanh, arcsinh, arctanh, rint, sign, expm1, log1p, deg2rad, rad2deg, floor, ceil and trunc. Previously, these operations had to be performed by operating on the matrices’ data attribute.

LSMR iterative solver

LSMR, an iterative method for solving (sparse) linear and linear least-squares systems, was added as scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

Discrete Sine Transform

Bindings for the discrete sine transform functions have been added to scipy.fftpack.

scipy.interpolate improvements

For interpolation in spherical coordinates, the three classes scipy.interpolate.SmoothSphereBivariateSpline, scipy.interpolate.LSQSphereBivariateSpline, and scipy.interpolate.RectSphereBivariateSpline have been added.

Binned statistics (scipy.stats)

The stats module has gained functions to do binned statistics, which are a generalization of histograms, in 1-D, 2-D and multiple dimensions: scipy.stats.binned_statistic, scipy.stats.binned_statistic_2d and scipy.stats.binned_statistic_dd.

Deprecated features

scipy.sparse.cs_graph_components has been made a part of the sparse graph submodule, and renamed to scipy.sparse.csgraph.connected_components. Calling the former routine will result in a deprecation warning.

scipy.misc.radon has been deprecated. A more full-featured radon transform can be found in scikits-image.

scipy.io.save_as_module has been deprecated. A better way to save multiple Numpy arrays is the numpy.savez function.

The xa and xb parameters for all distributions in scipy.stats.distributions already weren’t used; they have now been deprecated.

Backwards incompatible changes

Removal of scipy.maxentropy

The scipy.maxentropy module, which was deprecated in the 0.10.0 release, has been removed. Logistic regression in scikits.learn is a good and modern alternative for this functionality.

Minor change in behavior of splev

The spline evaluation function now behaves similarly to interp1d for size-1 arrays. Previous behavior:

>>> from scipy.interpolate import splev, splrep, interp1d
>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> y = [4,5,6,7,8]
>>> tck = splrep(x, y)
>>> splev([1], tck)
4.
>>> splev(1, tck)
4.

Corrected behavior:

>>> splev([1], tck)
array([ 4.])
>>> splev(1, tck)
array(4.)

This affects also the UnivariateSpline classes.

Behavior of scipy.integrate.complex_ode

The behavior of the y attribute of complex_ode is changed. Previously, it expressed the complex-valued solution in the form:

z = ode.y[::2] + 1j * ode.y[1::2]

Now, it is directly the complex-valued solution:

z = ode.y

Minor change in behavior of T-tests

The T-tests scipy.stats.ttest_ind, scipy.stats.ttest_rel and scipy.stats.ttest_1samp have been changed so that 0 / 0 now returns NaN instead of 1.

Other changes

The SuperLU sources in scipy.sparse.linalg have been updated to version 4.3 from upstream.

The function scipy.signal.bode, which calculates magnitude and phase data for a continuous-time system, has been added.

The two-sample T-test scipy.stats.ttest_ind gained an option to compare samples with unequal variances, i.e. Welch’s T-test.

scipy.misc.logsumexp now takes an optional axis keyword argument.

Authors

This release contains work by the following people (contributed at least one patch to this release, names in alphabetical order):

  • Jeff Armstrong
  • Chad Baker
  • Brandon Beacher +
  • behrisch +
  • borishim +
  • Matthew Brett
  • Lars Buitinck
  • Luis Pedro Coelho +
  • Johann Cohen-Tanugi
  • David Cournapeau
  • dougal +
  • Ali Ebrahim +
  • endolith +
  • Bjørn Forsman +
  • Robert Gantner +
  • Sebastian Gassner +
  • Christoph Gohlke
  • Ralf Gommers
  • Yaroslav Halchenko
  • Charles Harris
  • Jonathan Helmus +
  • Andreas Hilboll +
  • Marc Honnorat +
  • Jonathan Hunt +
  • Maxim Ivanov +
  • Thouis (Ray) Jones
  • Christopher Kuster +
  • Josh Lawrence +
  • Denis Laxalde +
  • Travis Oliphant
  • Joonas Paalasmaa +
  • Fabian Pedregosa
  • Josef Perktold
  • Gavin Price +
  • Jim Radford +
  • Andrew Schein +
  • Skipper Seabold
  • Jacob Silterra +
  • Scott Sinclair
  • Alexis Tabary +
  • Martin Teichmann
  • Matt Terry +
  • Nicky van Foreest +
  • Jacob Vanderplas
  • Patrick Varilly +
  • Pauli Virtanen
  • Nils Wagner +
  • Darryl Wally +
  • Stefan van der Walt
  • Liming Wang +
  • David Warde-Farley +
  • Warren Weckesser
  • Sebastian Werk +
  • Mike Wimmer +
  • Tony S Yu +

A total of 55 people contributed to this release. People with a “+” by their names contributed a patch for the first time.