scipy.stats.foldnorm

scipy.stats.foldnorm = <scipy.stats._continuous_distns.foldnorm_gen object at 0x4504748c>

A folded normal continuous random variable.

As an instance of the rv_continuous class, foldnorm object inherits from it a collection of generic methods (see below for the full list), and completes them with details specific for this particular distribution.

Notes

The probability density function for foldnorm is:

foldnormal.pdf(x, c) = sqrt(2/pi) * cosh(c*x) * exp(-(x**2+c**2)/2)

for c >= 0.

foldnorm takes c as a shape parameter.

The probability density above is defined in the “standardized” form. To shift and/or scale the distribution use the loc and scale parameters. Specifically, foldnorm.pdf(x, c, loc, scale) is identically equivalent to foldnorm.pdf(y, c) / scale with y = (x - loc) / scale.

Examples

>>> from scipy.stats import foldnorm
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)

Calculate a few first moments:

>>> c = 1.95
>>> mean, var, skew, kurt = foldnorm.stats(c, moments='mvsk')

Display the probability density function (pdf):

>>> x = np.linspace(foldnorm.ppf(0.01, c),
...                 foldnorm.ppf(0.99, c), 100)
>>> ax.plot(x, foldnorm.pdf(x, c),
...        'r-', lw=5, alpha=0.6, label='foldnorm pdf')

Alternatively, the distribution object can be called (as a function) to fix the shape, location and scale parameters. This returns a “frozen” RV object holding the given parameters fixed.

Freeze the distribution and display the frozen pdf:

>>> rv = foldnorm(c)
>>> ax.plot(x, rv.pdf(x), 'k-', lw=2, label='frozen pdf')

Check accuracy of cdf and ppf:

>>> vals = foldnorm.ppf([0.001, 0.5, 0.999], c)
>>> np.allclose([0.001, 0.5, 0.999], foldnorm.cdf(vals, c))
True

Generate random numbers:

>>> r = foldnorm.rvs(c, size=1000)

And compare the histogram:

>>> ax.hist(r, normed=True, histtype='stepfilled', alpha=0.2)
>>> ax.legend(loc='best', frameon=False)
>>> plt.show()

(Source code)

Methods

rvs(c, loc=0, scale=1, size=1, random_state=None)	Random variates.
pdf(x, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Probability density function.
logpdf(x, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Log of the probability density function.
cdf(x, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Cumulative density function.
logcdf(x, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Log of the cumulative density function.
sf(x, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Survival function (1 - cdf — sometimes more accurate).
logsf(x, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Log of the survival function.
ppf(q, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Percent point function (inverse of cdf — percentiles).
isf(q, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Inverse survival function (inverse of sf).
moment(n, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Non-central moment of order n
stats(c, loc=0, scale=1, moments='mv')	Mean(‘m’), variance(‘v’), skew(‘s’), and/or kurtosis(‘k’).
entropy(c, loc=0, scale=1)	(Differential) entropy of the RV.
fit(data, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Parameter estimates for generic data.
expect(func, c, loc=0, scale=1, lb=None, ub=None, conditional=False, **kwds)	Expected value of a function (of one argument) with respect to the distribution.
median(c, loc=0, scale=1)	Median of the distribution.
mean(c, loc=0, scale=1)	Mean of the distribution.
var(c, loc=0, scale=1)	Variance of the distribution.
std(c, loc=0, scale=1)	Standard deviation of the distribution.
interval(alpha, c, loc=0, scale=1)	Endpoints of the range that contains alpha percent of the distribution