numpy.random.standard_cauchy¶
-
numpy.random.
standard_cauchy
(size=None)¶ Draw samples from a standard Cauchy distribution with mode = 0.
Also known as the Lorentz distribution.
Parameters: - size : int or tuple of ints, optional
Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g.,
(m, n, k)
, thenm * n * k
samples are drawn. Default is None, in which case a single value is returned.
Returns: - samples : ndarray or scalar
The drawn samples.
Notes
The probability density function for the full Cauchy distribution is
P(x; x_0, \gamma) = \frac{1}{\pi \gamma \bigl[ 1+ (\frac{x-x_0}{\gamma})^2 \bigr] }
and the Standard Cauchy distribution just sets x_0=0 and \gamma=1
The Cauchy distribution arises in the solution to the driven harmonic oscillator problem, and also describes spectral line broadening. It also describes the distribution of values at which a line tilted at a random angle will cut the x axis.
When studying hypothesis tests that assume normality, seeing how the tests perform on data from a Cauchy distribution is a good indicator of their sensitivity to a heavy-tailed distribution, since the Cauchy looks very much like a Gaussian distribution, but with heavier tails.
References
[1] NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, “Cauchy Distribution”, http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3663.htm [2] Weisstein, Eric W. “Cauchy Distribution.” From MathWorld–A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CauchyDistribution.html [3] Wikipedia, “Cauchy distribution” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_distribution Examples
Draw samples and plot the distribution:
>>> s = np.random.standard_cauchy(1000000) >>> s = s[(s>-25) & (s<25)] # truncate distribution so it plots well >>> plt.hist(s, bins=100) >>> plt.show()