numpy.sinh

numpy.sinh(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature, extobj]) = <ufunc 'sinh'>

Hyperbolic sine, element-wise.

Equivalent to 1/2 * (np.exp(x) - np.exp(-x)) or -1j * np.sin(1j*x).

Parameters:

x : array_like

Input array.

out : ndarray, None, or tuple of ndarray and None, optional

A location into which the result is stored. If provided, it must have a shape that the inputs broadcast to. If not provided or None, a freshly-allocated array is returned. A tuple (possible only as a keyword argument) must have length equal to the number of outputs.

where : array_like, optional

Values of True indicate to calculate the ufunc at that position, values of False indicate to leave the value in the output alone.

**kwargs

For other keyword-only arguments, see the ufunc docs.

Returns:

y : ndarray

The corresponding hyperbolic sine values.

Notes

If out is provided, the function writes the result into it, and returns a reference to out. (See Examples)

References

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions. New York, NY: Dover, 1972, pg. 83.

Examples

>>> np.sinh(0)
0.0
>>> np.sinh(np.pi*1j/2)
1j
>>> np.sinh(np.pi*1j) # (exact value is 0)
1.2246063538223773e-016j
>>> # Discrepancy due to vagaries of floating point arithmetic.

>>> # Example of providing the optional output parameter
>>> out2 = np.sinh([0.1], out1)
>>> out2 is out1
True

>>> # Example of ValueError due to provision of shape mis-matched `out`
>>> np.sinh(np.zeros((3,3)),np.zeros((2,2)))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid return array shape